Thanks but you misunderstood what I said. The washing with warm saline procedure was from the people who makes the gel cards. It wasn't for replacement, because there was no plasma to replace and no antibody to wash away. We add the plasma afterward. Well, this is what happened: 1) We did the gel card Ab screen and it showed rouleaux in the gel. 2) we read manufacturer's procedure of ridding rouleaux by washing screening cells 6 times 3) after washing screening cells, we pipet them into the gel cards and finally add the patients plasma 4) incubate for 15 mins 5) centrifuge gel card 6) Rouleaux all gone My question is , why wash the screen cells? what are we washing off? forget the plasma. this is not replacement. we add the plasma after we wash our screen cells with warm saline? why warm saline? why not cold? like I said, if Malcolm doesn't know the answer, chances are, nobody does