Arno

Guidelines in Australia are pretty similar to the UK guidelines as far as I can see. https://anzsbt.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/GuidelinesforTransfusionandImmunohaematologyLaboratoryPractice_1ed_Nov20_.pdf They require as well a second ABO typing.

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Hi! I do not know which gel card supplier you are using, but the one I “know” use 50ul of A1 and B cells with 25ul of plasma and an incubation at 37°C for 15 minutes. And all of this in an AHG gel card of course… having previously checked as well there is no additional antibody that could interfere (result from mother if available/antibody screening result). Hope it helps.

ooops "more than 70%..." means above 70% right?

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I hereby forward you the link to the registration page => https://info.bio-rad.com/ww-IHD-transfusion-w-registration-lp2.html?WT.mc_id=201015029401 You'll see that if cannot make it for the live session (due to time difference), the recording will be made available about 1 hour after the live session using the same link that will be sent to you by email and you will have the opportunity to watch it at any time (and an unlimited number of times...).

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In this context (post transfusion with DAT pos, screening neg), would be worth running/trying an elution?

Should be HbS negative as decreasing the proportion of HbS (compared to HbA) prevents complications/crisis of SCD related to vaso-occlusion. So not only for crisis but to prevent the crisis. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjh.14346

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Thank you for your feedback - much appreciated. This confirms my understanding and what I have read so far on this topic. Thanks again.

Hi there! I hope you are all doing well. The Italian blood transfusion society has made the screening of Covid-19 patient for IgA deficiency systematic before the transfusion of convalescent plasma. http://isbtweb.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Italy.pdf Would like to know what is your position in this regards and is there any similar existing guidelines? Thank you in advance

Yes indeed different pH, different suppliers may explain such a behavior (some anti-M are enhanced with acidification of plasma). In addition, Anti-M often shows dosage effect but I believe you have antigen M double dose cells on your panel too. What are the phenotype of the 2 cells reacting in screening and the one not reacting? Is your patient antigen M negative? It also exists the anti-M1 (the M1 antigen belongs to the MN CHO collection) that reacts with some M positive cells and stronger with M/N positive cells (M1 is expressed on M positive cells) and it can be, though rarely, produced by antigen M positive patients.

First of all, if the cassette Ctl is positive, the blood type result is invalid (esp. the D antigen typing) . Looks like a (warm) AIHA and several rounds of adsorption (allo with enzyme treated cells or auto, depends on date of previous transfusion, how much RBCs are available and possibility to "clean them up" using ZZAP for instance) may bring some clarity here to check if there is an underlying antibody.

In addition to what has been nicely explained by Malcolm, it could be as well an example of Sd(a++) cell (commonly named "super Sid") reacting with a weak anti-Sda. The Sda antigen is not a LFA (expressed on more than 90% of cells) though some cells "overexpresse" it. Anti-Sda usually gives weak/DP reactions and can be neutralized using urine (contains soluble Sda substances). Other weak antibodies may behave the same way, e.g. anti-P1 reacting against "strong P1" cells only. However, that does not change at all what Malcolm said "I wouldn't expend too much time or energy trying to sort out the exact specificity. In all cases of such an antibody, as long as you cross-match by the same method as you used in detecting the presence of the antibody in the first place, it would be quite safe to give cross-match compatible blood."

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Hi, Not aware of such kind of interference with nucleotide analog. It would be more likely if it was with convalescent plasma.

In which buffer do you resuspend your DTT treated cells? May be these patients do have antibodies against one or several components of this buffer (antibodies against preservatives used in RBC buffer are not so uncommon).

Hi Rich, I am not a clinician but as far as I know IVIG can be given to obstetrical patient in diff. conditions (autoimmune disorders, recurrent pregnancy loss, ...). I thought about IVIG when I saw the DAT becoming positive plus additional reactions coming up over the time. Anti-A and Anti-B are indeed the most prevalent antibodies in plasma derived products but other specificities of low titre can be present sometimes such as anti-D, anti-K and a bunch of antibodies of undetermined specificity reacting with several to not say all RBCs. Just a thought that can be doublechecked with the clinician..? Hereunder is a very great (not recent though) paper to be read and re-read again: Problems Associated With Passively Transfused Blood Group Alloantibodies George Garratty, PhD, FRCPath American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 109, Issue 6, 1 June 1998, Pages 769–777, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/109.6.769

Is she given plasma derived product (not talking here about anti-D prophylaxis)? Thinking more here about IVIG?

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