Thanks for the replies. This is for a stem cell isolate to be used eventually for transplant. Heparin is a non-starter for some very complicated molecular biology reasons that I won't detail, but CPD within certain limits may be acceptable. What is being attempted here is new technology. I definitely understand the problem of peripheral blood aspiration by the aspirating physician. Technique is all important, which is why we never let a hematologist aspirate "unsupervised". He might have an MD, but very few of them know how to get really good stem cell aspirates. FYI, we limit them to 2.5 ml per aspiration site and require use of at least a 20 ml syringe. Anything smaller syringe does not create enough suction when the plunger is yanked and the adherent cells, well, they stay adhered to the trabecular bone!